Summary: At Szeged, in southern Hungary, in an orographically undisturbed region of the Hungarian Alföld (Lowlands), aerological measurements have been executed since the year 1925: in the period 1925–1931, pilot balloon measurements and aircraft ascents, in the ensueing years, upper wind measurements and since the year 1953 radiosoundings have been carried out. In this paper, the series of data for the periods 1949–1953 and 1954–1963 were selected with the purpose of investigating the vertical extension of some characteristics of the wind field on the Hungarian Alföld and particularly on the southern parts of the region beyond the Tisza river, which are already known to exist, from earlier climatological investigations, in the near-the-ground layers (see References).
In the seasonal distribution of wind direction frequencies, the macroclimatological factors are typically reflected, which are influencing wind conditions in Central Europe: these are the thermal interactions existing between the Atlantic, or the Mediterranean and the continent, as well as the much debated monsunal or monsunoid character of the climate in Europe and particularly in Central Europe (see the detailed investigation of R. Wagner on the paths of cyclones over Europe cited among the References).
As the upper wind measurements at Szeged are executed in a region relatively undisturbed by immediate orographical influences, they have been found to be particularly suitable ones for a three-dimensional investigation of the wind structure in the Hungarian Alföld. Wind observations extended to the lower 3 kilometers of the troposphere are indicating that the influences of the there climatical factors recorded at the central part of the Hungarian Alföld, that is, the influences of the Atlantic, of the Mediterranean and the Eurasian mainland are well recognizable ones also in the upper layers. As a consequence of the cyclonal activity which is transmitting the marine influences, and as a consequence of the continental influence, the double maximum recognized in the wind direction frequencies (i. e. the grouping of the most frequent wind directions in winter within the SW quadrant and in summer within the N W quadrant) is with height tending to become more close one to the other and over 3 km they are approaching the main western current of the lesser disturbed upper troposphere.
The so-called characteristical wind directions of the winter and the summer (i. e. wind direction, the frequencies of which are higher in the season in question than in the opposite season) are indicating that, within the climate of the decade investigated, maritime influences are rather prevailing over the much more weakly occurring winterly continental influences, which are even not statistically verified.
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